The Effects of Smoking Bans on Victims of Exposure to...

The Effects of Smoking Bans on Victims of Exposure to Second Hand Smoke Exposure to second hand smoke, which for the purposes of this report will be designated SHS, poses extremely detrimental health risks for any and all individuals who consider themselves non-smokers, especially young children and pregnant women. SHS is estimated to contribute to heart attacks in nonsmokers and causes nearly 53,800 deaths in the United States alone on an annual basis.1 According to the United States Surgeon General’s report from 2010, tobacco use remains the single largest preventable cause of death and disease in this country, causing approximately 443,000 adult deaths from smoking-related illnesses each year.2 Additionally, smoking has been†¦show more content†¦Lung cancer was the most common cancer mortality in men and the second most common in women.6 The study also noted smoking differences in each of the three major language/cultural regions of Switzerland, with the mortality rates higher in the French and Italian speaking regions of the c ountry, reflecting the habits and mortality rates of both France and Italy, where smoking is much more prevalent, and the German region (which is by far the largest) having significantly lower smoking mortality rates, due to Germany’s increased anti-smoking campaigns and laws protecting citizens from SHS.7 Although not as stringent as the US laws forbidding smoking in almost all indoor spaces, Europe’s leading countries are now attempting to curb the use of tobacco products, many for the first time in their histories. All studies have pointed to the extreme dangers SHS provides for pregnant women and children, especially adolescents. In a report published by the Center for Global Tobacco Control, it was demonstrated that efforts to curtail indoor exposure to SHS was working. The results of the study showed that the proportion of US middle and high school students who were exposed to indoor SHS actually declined from 65.5% in 2000 to 40.5% in 2009, with significantS how MoreRelatedSex And Age Disparity Among Teenagers1101 Words   |  5 Pagesand Age Disparity in Teenage Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Anthony Kiprono PH 5302 04/30/2016 Second hand smoke is defined as the combination of smoke emitted by the burning end of cigarette or any other tobacco products and smoke emitted by the smoker. Individuals can be victims of secondhand smoke in various ways and places inkling the safety of being at home, vehicle, workplaces, parks and various public places. According to Jonathan, smoke contains over 200 poisonousRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Smoking1151 Words   |  5 Pagesyou love for the very last time. Smoking is a life-threatening addiction that has brought this tragedy to millions of families at an accelerated pace and not all have been those who do smoke. No one wants to have to deal with tragedy, but nowadays there may be no way to avoid it. Unless, that is, our government intervenes, and puts something into place to end the threat of Secondhand Smoke exposure. I believe the one thing that can be done to avoid this exposure, leading to the unwanted tragedy,Read MoreSmokers in the U.K. and U.S.A. and the Tr eatment of Social Pariahs1773 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, antismoking campaigns has increased due to the harmful effects that are caused by smoking. People smoke not caring about the consequences that it has not only on them, but also on other people. In the U.K and U.S.A, campaign might or might not be effective. This essay seeks to illustrate the cause and effect of antismoking campaigns, T.V advertising, campaigns against smokers not being allowed N.H.S treatment, and the ban of smoking in public places and also illustrating the reasons why similarRead MoreSmoking Is Bad For Your Health749 Words   |  3 PagesSmoking is bad for your health Thesis Statement: Not only is smoking cigarettes bad for the person both short and long term but those around are affected by the secondhand smoke. Summary: With over 300 million smokers around the globe it begs the question how is their choice to smoke cigarettes affecting not only themselves in the short run but also overall. Short term effects include frequent cough, colds, bronchitis, as well as pneumonia. The long-term effects are much grimmer than the short termRead MoreEssay on Contaminated Air: Secondhand Smoke907 Words   |  4 PagesDid you know that you could easily be a victim of breathing toxic fumes and having cancer? As of right now, countless people are being poisoned from the effects of second hand smoking. Many people have heard or seen the effects of smoking and yet they still do it. In this case, it’s not about them but about us. There should be certain areas where smokers can go that won’t affect others because it’s a nuisance and cause unrepairable damage to everyone. Have you ever tried catching your breathRead MoreSmoking Life Away: The Harmful Effects of Smoking Cigarettes1403 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking Life Away Smoke travels far. After the smoke is released, it diffuses and travels in the atmosphere reaching just about anything at a reasonable distance. When one smoker puffs out, it affects that person, somebody across from that person, and the clean air around that person. Ever wonder why warnings and disclaimers are always present with anything that concerns smoking? This is because it is dangerous, and it is harmful , and it should warn you about the lasting impact it leaves youRead MoreEssay on Smoking Risks1748 Words   |  7 Pagesin today’s society is smoking. Yet each year, cigarette smoking kills more Americans than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, homicides, suicides, illegal drugs and fires combined. Smoking is an extremely bad pastime, practiced for centuries, for an individual’s health and those surrounding him/her. People start for many different reasons and get addicted to the nicotine in cigarettes. Smoking cause many fatal diseases, but help is available to those who seek it. Cigarette smoking is a disgusting and unhealthyRead MoreSmoking in Public Places Essay1923 Words   |  8 PagesWhy Smoking Should be Banned in Public Places. His bald head rests on a pillow. His bones from his cheeks and shoulders protrude under his skin. His mouth is open, but he cannot respond to his mother, wife or three-year-old son anymore. Doctors say there is no hope for Bryan Lee Curtis, a lung cancer victim. He started smoking when he was 13 years old and he never imagined that 20 years later, smoking would take his life away, leaving his wife and child alone. ‘’I can’t fight anymore’’, Bryan saidRead MoreSecondhand Smoke Kills : Should Smoking Be Banned?1798 Words   |  8 PagesSecondhand smoke kills: Should smoking be banned in public? Cigarettes have caused harm to society and the economy for the past twenty years. They’re not causing a harm to just the people who proceed to use them, but to those who are around it as well. Cigarettes have copious effects on active smokers, and even have tremendous long-term effects on nonsmokers. The entryway that causes effects for active smokers is called ‘mainstream smoke’ and what causes effects for nonsmokers is called ‘secondhandRead MoreThe Cost Of Smoking Cigarettes1833 Words   |  8 Pagesare pivotal in generating more than half of the money they earned from exports, $165 million. So, would we be doing more harm than good by banning the smoking of cigarettes? When investigating the true cost of smoking cigarettes there is an overwhelming amount of research into the multiple effects smoking has on health. The smoke inhaled when smoking a cigarette contains 4,000 compounds which often leave toxic traces in the lungs and other organs. This is one of the biggest contributing factors as

The Discrimination Of A Male Dominant Company - 1888 Words

Throughout these difficult times in America we have all been faced with things that are more than unfavorable. However, I am pleased to say that the people I have the pleasure to work around and work with don t fit into that category. Like most they have their complaints and have witness or been a part of things that they don t necessarily agree with like the current election, blatant racism in society, or the general unfairness so many of us are subject to. I hate to say it but it s hard to remain above the nonsense. Most of my coworkers are people of color and they enjoyed being American and living in America. In my research the answers were different between my two interviewees but they were very similar in some ways, this was probably because I interviewed a male and female however, I wanted to get two different views from the opposite sex. The company that we work for is a software company, made up of mostly men and maybe about 5% women. Working in a male dominant company can b e difficult for any woman. However, my first interviewee Anusha remains strong doesn t let anyone push her around which was one of the reasons I decided to interview her. What I first noticed about both interviewees were that they were both so pleased to be in America. I sometimes feel as if Americans take living in America for granted, we never truly understand what it feels like to be without. Both of my interviewees’ were excited and happy to do me this favor. They both were appreciativeShow MoreRelatedLack Of Gender Discrimination On The Workplace1203 Words   |  5 Pagesimplemented in the labor force environment, there is still room for improvement. There are numerous individuals who regard gender inequality in the workplace as a myth; however, many companies display an immense resistance to enforce laws that will protect their female employees from unfair and unlawful discrimination. These prejudice actions made against women are based on gendered stereotypes that ultimately place women at a disadvantage. These â€Å" Gendered stereotypes, shared at the societal levelRead Morethe verdict Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesimagination. Personal Explanation As I make my journeys through nursing school, it has been awkward in some situations just because I am a male in a female dominated career. My particular reason for choosing this as a topic for my sociological imagination essay is that I have been denied learning opportunities in the clinical settings because of my gender. Male student nurses are expected to be physically stronger than their female peers and are often asked to assist with lifting heavy patientsRead MoreGender Inequality : Gender And Gender982 Words   |  4 Pageswage gap in institutions. For example, jobs are sex segregated based on gender roles and status. The gender gap is based on wages and job positions. This causes for males and women to earn different because of gender. Even if they have the same positions males are look as authority. Men are favored because of the concept of being dominant. Ridgeway says â€Å"Not only the existing sex composition of the job but also the stereotypically gendered nature of the work or the status of the establishment Read MoreEssay on Prejudice and Discrimination in Crash964 Words   |  4 Pagespredominantly about how prejudice plays into people’s everyday lives and how such prejudice usually has negative implications. The characters in the film all had their own prejudices, or a ttitudes judging others in negative ways, which set the stage for discrimination, stereotypes, racism, and scapegoats. Thus, one can see how prejudice plays such a pivotal role in people’s relations with each other. As a result, it is best to analyze this film from a symbolic interactionism point of view by analyzing how theRead MoreDiscrtimination in the Workplace1182 Words   |  5 PagesDiscrimination in the Workplace Introduction Discrimination, prejudice, ethnocentricity and diversity are the challenges of a cohesive workplace environment. For this project I will discuss the need for a culturally diverse environment in the nursing profession, and the plight of Latina woman and her challenges in succeeding in a predominantly Anglo male held role. Learning about different types of discrimination and prejudice will allow us to become culturally sensitive and provide us with the abilityRead MoreGender Roles : An Individual s Appearance915 Words   |  4 PagesIn order for us to describe an individual’s appearance, there is usually a symbolic framework that defines each one of us, whether a certain individual is a male or female. Biology plays a huge part that also helps us distinguished our sex from the moment we are born due to our primary sex characteristics. However, we learned our genders and the roles that come with it through out our life. From the moment we learn to speak and walk and developed our learning skills, we acquire learning behaviorsRead MoreKilling Us Softly 4, By Jean Kilbourne970 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Newman, sexism refers to â€Å"a system of beliefs that asserts the inferiority of one sex and that justifies discrimination based on gender.† This sexism has a large impact on the daily life of a women through things like social interactions, power differentials, and violence against women. Institutional sexism refers to the â€Å"subordination of â€Å"women that is part of the everyday workings of economics, law, politics, and other social institutions.† The media is one institution that communicatesRead MoreLeadership Prejudices of Men and Women in the Workplace Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies men and women use to break the glass ceiling of the workplace, a focus on the interactions and reactions of a male Chief Executive Officer (CEO) versus a female CEO, leaders hip prejudices among women and women, and various studies regarding leadership of men and women. Because of stereotyping, very little focus is on men within the workplace. However, research shows that male workers face stereotyping as well as women. Therefore, a concentration on this matter will be focused within this paperRead MoreEvaluation Of My Course Project1612 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent employer. Maria has filed a complaint against her company because she believes she was unfairly eliminated as a candidate for a promotion because of her distinctive accent. Maria states that her supervisor informed her that she was not being promoted because he feared that their clients would have trouble understanding her accent. She claims that she is highly qualified for the promotion because of the years she has worked for the company and her educational background. However, the promotionRead MoreGender Inequality in Workforce904 Words   |  4 PagesThe roles and characteristics relat ed to males and females vary according to time and culture (Keating 2003). A concept of male breadwinner model gave important impacts on the Australian economic, politics, culture and social field in early twentieth century (Broomhill and Sharp 2005). However, in the past few decades, there has been gradual changes occurred in the Australian gender order (ibid.). Even though men are the dominant gender in the workforce, due to globalization, women gained more opportunity

Essay about Reflection on Rime of the Ancient Mariner

Reflection on Rime of the Ancient Mariner Samuel Coleridges poem entitled Rime of the Ancient Mariner is written as a ballad, in the general form of the traditional ballad of medieval or early Elizabethan times. Coleridge uses the ballad stanza, a four-line stanza. He is able to achieve a richer, more sweeping sense of the supernatural through these expansions; he is able to move beyond the more domesticated kind of supernaturalism of the four-line stanza. He starts with the usual ballad stanza in the first of the poem, in order to make the reader acquainted with the verse form and with the poetic ethos of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Beer 34). These early stanzas seem to anchor the readers mind. But in the†¦show more content†¦He is condemned to wandering from place to place, where he must tell of his sin until the Second Coming of Christ. Coleridge used the story again in The Wanderings of Cain. Maud Bodkin writes that another great poet, William Wordsworth once said that the Mariner has no character (22-3) . But Charles Lamb, another contemporary of Coleridge, said the ancient Mariner as a character with feelings, faced with such happenings as the poem tells about, dragged [him] along like Tom Pipers magic whistle (House 107). John Livingston Lowes in more recent times spoke of the real protagonists in the poem as the elements, Earth, Air, Fire, and Water (Bodkin 20). Irving Babbit echoed Wordsworths criticism in saying that the Mariner does not do anything in the poem beyond shooting the Albatross, that the Mariner does not really act, but is acted upon only, and that the Mariner is an incarnation of the Romantic concern with the solitary (House 104-5). And a critic named George Herbert Clarke has interpreted the ancient Mariner to be at one and the same time himself as a real character in the poem, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and all men; the Mariner is Representative Man, sinning, being punished, being redeemed (Beer 31). I imagine that one possibility, perhaps the best one, is to c onsider the Mariner as a poet more than a character in the sense in which we associate personality with characters in literature. As a poetShow MoreRelatedColeridges in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan816 Words   |  4 Pages How Does Coleridge in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan Show the Interrelatedness Between Mankind, Nature and the Poetic Experience? Coleridge expresses many thoughtful and rather intense ideas in his poetry, through using either peculiar or common images of all forms of nature ie human, environmental or supernatural. His poetic expression is unique in its use of extraordinary imagery and transition of mood yet he what he creates usually conforms to numerous literary techniquesRead More Comparing Nature in Wordsworth’s Ruined Cottage, and Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner2911 Words   |  12 PagesComparing the Representation of Nature in Wordsworth’s Ruined Cottage, and Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner For most poets of the Romantic Age, nature played an invaluable role in their works. Man’s existence could be affected and explained by the presence and portrayal of the external nature surrounding it. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are no different from the other Romantic poets, and their works abound with references to nature and its correlation toRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Samuel Taylor Coleridge3984 Words   |  16 Pagesfelt that in the midst of some horror, people may tend to think that God has left them, and then they would blame their mental disease on demons. He expressed this message through the protagonist he created in his longest poem â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.† The Mariner experiences this exact problem throughout the story. Coleridge did not want his readers to think of God as punishing, and he could not accept the fact that madness has no connection with sin. He analyzed the evidence for each sideRead MoreSam uel Taylor Coleridge: English Poet Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesSchool 1). It is described that during this period that he wrote some of what were to become his most popular works, including the Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan and Frost at Midnight. In 1798 he published Lyrical Ballads anonymously with William Wordsworth, which included his famous Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Coleridge 1). The collaboration on â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† is interesting on several counts. It underlines the collective activity involved in the induction of the new poetic idiom whichRead MoreLord Byron And Childe Harolds Pilgrimage By Samuel Taylor Coleridge1075 Words   |  5 Pagestravels and reflections of a young man who, â€Å"grown aged in this world of woe, In deeds, not years, piercing the depths of life† (lines 37-38) disillusioned with a life of pleasure, looks for distractions in foreign lands. It is semi-autobiographical since Byron himself traveled through Portugal, the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea. It is written differently than other Romantics would typically write something of this nature: while Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and usedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner 948 Words   |  4 Pagesresponse to issues that plagued a specific moment in time. Robert Southey s poem, â€Å"The Sailor Who Had Served in the Slave Trade†, presents an important reflection on the cruelty of the slave trade and appoints Christian values as a means towards redemption. Southey s poem seems to have been inspired by Samuel T Coleridge s â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†, however, his focus in the poem shifts away from vivid imagery into a thought provoking tale of the Middle Passage. The poem focuses on two men.Read MoreEssay on The True, the Beautiful and the Good1967 Words   |  8 Pagesundoubtedly, his writings must be the best explanation of the Beautiful. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, written in the form of ballad, is like an unforgettable piece of song. Coleridge uses simple words with an attempt to tell a vivid story about desire, sin, and punishment. The characteristic of imaginary in literature is that it can bring readers into the scene where the stories depict. In The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, the cold sea is just like the epitome of the unmerciful present world. ThereRead MoreTechniques1400 Words   |  6 Pagesseems irreconcilable, but with deeper reflection proves to be a truth. A paradox that is frequent in literature is birth in death which refers to the nature of the life cycle. PARODY is a conscious imitation of another work usually for a satiric purpose eg. I love a sunburnt country a land of open drains... REPETITION of words is used to add emphasis eg. Alone, alone, all, all alone Alone on a wide, wide sea from THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER by Samuel Taylor Coleridge PERSONIFICATION Read MoreComparing The Sick Equation by Brian patten and Long Distance by Tony Harrison1484 Words   |  6 Pageshas resulted in him becoming a lonely man with no one to love. Both poems are exceedingly diverse in relation to style as well. In Long Distance, the poem looks very neat and tidy on the page, which, it could be argued, is a reflection of what Harrisons childhood was like - orderly and precise. The poem follows the rhyme scheme of ABAB, however, it changes for the last stanza to ABBA because we are now seeing things from Harrisons perspective. The poem is a Read MoreExpressions Of Grief, Loss And Mourning Essay1957 Words   |  8 Pageslocations of grief allow for a greater understanding of how the subject of loss could be considered sublime and the ways in which it reflects Romantic society at large. By examining the locations or settings authors used as a backdrop for their reflections on death or loss, the reader is able to gain a sense for the ways in which grief was handled, the ways in which a changing cultural landscape were expressed in literature through loss and the spaces associated with mourning. Wordsworth used setting

Strategic Management Strategic Scanning and Learning

Question: Discuss about the case study Strategic Management for Strategic Scanning and Learning. Answer: Synopsis The article discusses the steps necessary for the strategic management of an organization. The role of strategy is described as the different roles in the organization carried out by the different elements that are part of the organization. To implement the strategic management in an organization there are some preliminary tasks have to be completed first which is mostly about gathering knowledge about the environment the organization operates in along with the condition of the organization itself. The environment analysis is portrayed as the necessary way of gathering said information which help in the strategic decision making process. The environment analysis is divided into two parts external environment analysis that concerns the market conditions and internal analysis that is based on the processes internal to the organization (Drejer, 2004). The external environment analysis is done with the help of tools like PESTLE analysis that analyses macro environmental factors, SWOT analysis that analyses the micro environmental factors and porters five forces analysis that investigates the industry and the competition. Although useful to the extreme, the external environment analysis can not detract from the importance of internal analysis that is necessary to get the full picture as the internal analysis provide information about the operation and performance efficiency of the organization. A change in an organization is dependent on the independence of new strategy from previous ones so the nature of change depends on the impact of the new strategy (Judge, 2011). Knowledge management is necessary for the plan to succeed as the decision making process depends upon the readily available information (Tobin, 1998). Critique The article is right about the importance of internal and external analysis on the strategic management and the maintenance of the knowledge management standards. However, the limitation of one type of analysis from the other and the different types of information about the market and the organization that can be found from the different sources is unclear. It is indistinct about the individual importance of the different types of analysis and their contribution to the overall strategic planning of the future steps of the management. The knowledge management standards of the country and the different ways the strategic planning can be affected by the analysis is given but again no single tool or process has not been separated in the article (Jashapara, 2011). The role of knowledge management is given in the article as examples but their complete scope is not demonstrated with examples. Reflection It is easy to understand that the author of the article was focusing on the basic information about a process that can be quite complex in case of a specific organization so the information that is provided are the bare minimum. The framework for strategic planning is provided which can help in the understanding of the full process of strategic management. However, the information provided is too basic and brief for practical implementation without any other supporting document. To reflect on the purpose of the article and its scope, it can be said that the basic guideline of strategic management has been provided for better understanding of the process. References Drejer, A. (2004).Strategic scanning and learning in the new competitive landscape. Aarhus: Department of Organization and Mangement, Faculty of Business Administration, The Aarhus School of Business. Jashapara, A. (2011).Knowledge management. Harlow, Essex: Pearson/Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Judge, W. (2011).Building organizational capacity for change. New York: Business Expert Press. Tobin, D. (1998).The knowledge-enabled organization. New York: Amacon.

Physio Ex free essay sample

The maximum threshold will not change in cardiac muscle cells (as with any other cells), which is determined by the X amount of voltage needed for calcium channels to open. After this point, no additional voltage can cause the channels to open more, or again, prior to depolarization. 3. Why is it only possible to induce an extrasystole during relaxation. a. 3. cardiac is able to depolarize only after repolarization 4. explain why wave summation and tetanus are not possible in the cardiac muscle tissue. a. Cardiac cells have long action potentials and long twitches, therefore do not show temporal summation. Act 2 1. Explain the effect that extreme vagus nerve stimulation had on the heart. a. The vagus nerve stimulation caused the heart to flat line restart and react normally. The response after the stimulation that resumed the heart is called the vagal escape. 2. The SA node of the heart is located in the right arterial wall 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Physio Ex or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Describe how the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to regulate the heart rate. a. The sympathetic and parasympathetic are two branches of the autonomic nervous system. Both supply nerve impulses to the heart. The sympathetic (fight or flight), becomes more active when needed. Stimulation will increase the heart rate and force of contractions. The parasympathetic (resting and digesting) this branch is more active. Stimulation decreases the heart rate without directly changing force of contraction 4. What do you think would happen to the heart rate if the vagus nerve were surgically cut? a. The heart rate would increase but the heart would be damaged. The vagus nerve carries important information to the heart from the parasympathetic nervous system. This information is the decrease of heart rate, contraction strength, and the rate of the electrical impulses conducted in the heart. The sympathetic does the opposite and raise heart rate, contraction force and electrical conduction. Both of these systems work together. Act 3 1. Explain the effect that decreasing the temperature had on the frog heart. How do you think the human heart would respond? a. The colder temperature the heart rate is slower. A frog has no internal homeostatic regulating mechanism. The temperature will change depending on external environment. Because the human has an internal temperature of 35. 8-38. 2 degrees C even when the external environment changes. A cooler temperature for a humans heart rate would decrease and possibly be hypothermic in extreme external temperature conditions. 2. Describe why Ringers solution is required to maintain heart contractions? There are electrolytes of calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. This is meant to keep the isolated intact heart workable. 3. Explain the effect that increasing the temperature had on the frog heart rate. How do you think the human heart would respond? The hotter he temperature for the frog the heart rate would increase. The human heart rate would increase and maybe not be able to maintain its homeostasis and possibly become hyperthermic, in extreme external temperature conditions. A frogs internal body temperature changes depending on external environment and has no internal homeostatic mechanisms to regulate temperature. Act 4 1. Atropine is an †Å"acetylcholine antagonist. † Does atropine inhibit or enhance the effects of acetylcholine? a. Describe your results and how they correlate with how the drug works. Yes. The heart rate increased from 44 to 69. The modifier worked in the opposite to the neurotransmitter, so this would be an antagonist. 2. Describe the benefits of administering digitalis? a. Digitals are used to bolster a weak heart in congestive heart failure. People with a bad heart need to have maximum time for the venous return and increased stroke volume would benefit from increased force of contraction and decreased heart rate. 3. Distinguish between cholinergic and adrenergic chemical modifiers. Include examples of each in your discussion. a. Cholingeric and adrenergic modifiers inhibit, mimic, or enhance the action of acetylcholine in the body. Pilocarpine is a direct acting cholinergic agonist that decreases the heart rate by directly acting on the receptor the same as acetylcholine. Atropine is a cholingeric antagonist that blocks the acetylcholine receptor increasing the heart rate. Epinephrine is an adrenergic agonist and binds to adrenergic receptor like B1, B2, and Alpha1 and increases heart rate. This mimics effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Act 5 1. Describe the effect that increasing the potassium had on the heart in this activity. How did this change the resting membrane potential of the cardiac muscle cell? a. Excessive potassium decreases the resting otential of the plasma membrane and decreases the force of contraction. The ectopic pacemakers can be caused by leakage of potassium into cardiac cells. The pacemakers then show in abnormal locations of the heart muscle. This decreases the force of contraction with a negative inotropic. In the experiment the heart was decreased to 28 and then erratic. 2. Des cribe how medicines called â€Å"calcium channel blockers† are used to treat patients and why? a. They are used to treat high blood pressure and abnormal heart rates. This blocks movement of calcium through channels and throughout phases of cardiac action potentials.

The Ela Regents College Critical Essay Sample

The Ela Regents College Critical Essay SampleAs a part of the Ela Regents College, they require students to write a critical essay during their Sophomore year of college. In this writing exercise, students are expected to analyze written documents that have been produced by either the US government or any other governmental agencies. In fact, there are some other criteria which the students need to be familiar with.The Ela Regents College requires the students to focus on the following areas in order to complete their Critical Essay. First and foremost, you should know that writing a Critical Essay is a time consuming process. In fact, the preparation for this type of essay is a tedious task that will occupy almost your entire time for about three or four months. So, if you are required to complete this kind of essay, it is important that you devote as much time as possible in this process.In fact, the essays are to be prepared on a set of guidelines that include the topics, format, and sample material for this type of essay. For example, you can start by considering the type of essay that you want to write and what topic you want to focus on. After you have identified this, you can start composing a pre-requisite research document. But before you begin preparing your document, you need to make sure that you know the correct information for your research.This is the reason why Ela is providing a sample essay to help you write your own essay. When you are researching for your essay, it would be better for you to pick up the sample essay which can be found in the collection of documents which are now available for you.Since, writing a Critical Essay is not an easy task, there are some guidelines that you need to keep in mind when you are going to use the Ela Regents College's Critical Essay Sample. In fact, all you need to do is to be familiar with the guidelines that can be followed for the preparation of this kind of essay.But before you start the essay writing process, it is important that you research first for the Ela's Critical Essay Sample. In fact, you can check the school's website, which is usually on a regular basis so that you can be aware of what types of materials that they provide. In fact, there are also a lot of resources that you can consult.After you are familiar with the resources that you can use for the essay, it is also important that you prepare all of the topics that you want to talk about. You can also prepare the outline of the essay, which can guide you in the process of preparing your essay. Once you are through with the outline, you can check for the reference material that you can refer to.In fact, the essay that you are going to write will also depend on the topic which you wrote earlier. And, if you want to write a history essay, it is important that you are familiar with the different topics that were used in the history. Therefore, it is important that you prepare a good history essay in order to be able t o create a good essay.

Wastewater Treatment Essays - Sewerage, Environmental Engineering

Wastewater Treatment The reason for me doing this report is because I could not attend class enough to grasp the concept of Wastewater Treatment. This report is an overview of each stage of the treatment of sewage. I have included a diagram of a typical sewage plant. A) Primary Treatment The wastewater that enters a treatment plant contains debris that might clog or damage the pumps and machinery. The material is removed by screens, and is burned or buried. The wastewater then passes through a comminutor (grinder), where all the organic material such as leaves are mushed smaller so that they can be removed later. 1) Grit Chamber Back in the day, long narrow channel-shaped settling tanks, known as grit chambers, were used to remove all the inorganic substances like sand, silt, gravel, and cinders. These chambers were made to allow inorganic particles 0.008 in. or bigger to settle at the bottom while the smaller particles and most of the organic material that remain in suspension pass through. Today, spiral-flow aerated grit chambers with hopper bottoms, or clarifiers with automatic scrapper arms are used. The grit is removed and disposed of as sanitary landfill. Grit build up can reach from 3 to 8 cubic feet per1 million gallons of wastewater. 2) Sedimentation With the grit removed, the wastewater goes into a sedimentation tank, where the organic materials removed. The method of sedimentation can remove about 20 to 40 percent of the biochemical oxygen demand and 40 to 60 percent of the suspended solids. The big boys in the industry use a chemical process known as coagulation and flocculation in the sedimentation tank. I really don't know much about this subject so I'm going to move on. 3) Flotation The alternative to sedimentation is a treatment called flotation, in which air is forced into the wastewater under pressures of 25 to 50 lbs per sq. in. The wastewater, is compressed with air, is then released into an open tank ; there the rising air bubbles cause the suspended solids to rise to the surface, where the are wisked away. Flotation can remove more than 75 percent of the suspended solids. 4) Digestion Digestion is a microbiological process that changes the chemically complex sludge to methane, carbon dioxide, and a harmless fertilizer. The reactions occur in a closed tank or digestor that is oxygen deficient. The transformation happens after a series of reactions. First the solid matter is made soluble by enzymes, then the substance is fermented by a group of acid-producing bacteria, reducing it to simple organic acids such as acetic acid. The organic acids are then resolved to methane and carbon dioxide by bacteria. The sludge that is to thick is heated and added to the digester as many times as possible, where it sits for 10 to 30 days and is decomposed. Digestion reduces organic matter by 45 to 60 percent. 5) Drying The digested sludge is place on sand beds for air drying. Air drying needs dry, warm weather for it to work. Some plants have shelters over the sand beds. Dried sludge in most cases is used as a fertilizer because of the 2 percent nitrogen and 1 percent phosphorus content. B) Secondary Treatment After removing 40 to 60 percent of the suspended solids and 20 to 40 percent of the BOD5 in the primary stage by physical resources, the secondary treatment biologically reduces the organic material that stayed in the liquid stream. Secondary treatment contains keeping and speeding up nature's process of waste disposal. Aerobic bacteria in the oxygen change the organic matter to stable forms such as CO2 , water, nitrates, and phosphates. The new organic material that is made is an indirect result of biological treatment processes, and is removed before the wastewater is dumped into the streams. 1) Trickling Filter In this process, a waste stream is sent over a bed or column of some type of porous medium. A sticky film of microorganisms coats the medium and acts as the removal agent. The organic matter in the waste stream is absorbed by the film and changed to carbon dioxide and water. If the trickling filter step comes before the sedimentation stage it can remove about 85 percent of the BOD entering the plant. 2) Activated Sludge This stage is an aerobic process that adds sticky sludge particles that have millions of of actively growing bacteria stuck together by a gelatinous slime. Organic matter is assimilated by the floc and changed to aerobic output. The reduction of BOD varies between 60 to