The Feminist And Reality Theory Like Water For Chocolate

Abstract Set in Mexico at the turn of the 20th century, Laura Esquivel’s contemporary novel, Like Water for Chocolate, centers on the youngest daughter of the De la Garza family, Tita, whose familial position predestines her to remain at home, unmarried, and in charge of the life-long care of her authoritarian mother, Mama Elena. The conflict arises when Tita falls in love with Pedro and is denied both marriage and influence over her own affairs. Ultimately, Tita finds a voice through the elaborate, magical recipes she creates, thereby challenging gender suppression by speaking through the stereotypical women’s sphere of cooking (Tyrer, 2011). These recipes and their fantastic results mirror and reinforce the central theme of the novel, that of suppression of the female voice and its inevitable explosion of expression (Uychoco, 2012). The goal of this application paper is to provide an analysis of Tita de la Garza role in the novel and movie through the application of the Femini st and Reality Theory. Like Water for Chocolate Application Paper Like Water for Chocolate can be broken into the stories of two women, Tita De La Garza and her mother, Mama Elena. The trajectory of their struggle against one another sets the tone in both the movie and novel. Tita, the leading character, strives for love, freedom, and individuality, and Mama Elena, the antagonist, stands as the prime opposition to the fulfillment of these goals (Uychoco, 2012). Mama Elena is the opposite of aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Like water for chocolate6961 Words   |  28 PagesLike Water for Chocolate ~Laura Esquivel~ Ms. Diamond Name_________________________________ Magical Realism At about the middle of the 19th century (when scientific objectivity became â€Å"vogue†), the influence of many social forces caused aesthetic taste to change from romantic idealism to realism. Many writers felt that romantics—with their focus on the spiritual, the abstract, and the ideal—were being dishonest about life as it really was. The realists felt they had an ethical responsibilityRead MoreThe Between Good Science And Pseudoscience1491 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific actuality, when in reality, the branches it entails like astronomy and psychics hold little water to prove their authenticity. They haven’t used their â€Å"abilities† to warn or prevent horrible disasters or solve crimes; they aren’t what they are worked up to be. On the other hand â€Å"good† or serious science is backed up with facts and experimentation, and often questions popular ideas. It helps further human knowledge on the world around them, and areas like psychology give researched evidenceRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesthey were fitted, namely, lighting fires. Like the concept of childhood, childrens literature is very much a cultural construct that continues to evolve over time. As a term, â€Å"children’s literature† does not easily fit into any cultural or academic category; rather, it is a diverse and paradoxical area of study. Its richness is reflected in the vast amount of theories that permeate and surround the term. From feminist studies to new historicism, literary theory places the child/text/context relationshipRead MoreChapter II : Chapter Summaries12207 Words   |  49 Pageshaving slaved all morning over my typewriter. It was the closest thing to a bar near my summer chalet, and I had forbidden myself to drive farther than five miles to find a beer. She was wearing a candy striper’s uniform, the dress cut straight and box-like, lace socks sagging around her awkward boney ankles and her hair tied back with a tired-looking ribbon. The electronic buzzer that warned her of entering customers rung it’s hollow tone as I opened the door and Vitya’s face jumped with an adorableRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprocesses and the impact of human endeavors on the environment in previous epochs, Tucker focuses on how the exponential increase in human reliance on fossil fuel energy sources over the course of the long twentieth century has degraded the land, water, and air of the planetary environment. From multinational corporations to impoverished peasants burning away the rain forest for land to plant their crops or pasture their cattle, he seeks to identify the specific agents responsible for both pollutionRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesCalifornia USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is

The Hunters; Scarce Resources in the Kalahari Essay

The !Kung bushmen of the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa are one of the few bands of hunter-gatherers left in the world. They survive by foraging for their meals while traveling, never settling in one specific area. Hunting and gathering was the primary mode of survival until about ten thousand years ago. Anthropologists have made assumptions about the hunting and gathering lifestyle of current populations because it seems like a precarious method of living. Moreover, the Kalahari area where the !Kung live in was perceived to be baron because it is a desert. However, a study done over a period of years beginning in 1960 led by Richard Lee disproved the common misconception of the life of these foragers, proving that they were not†¦show more content†¦There was a six-mile radius near each of the waterholes that had copious vegetation and an assorted source of meat. This suggests that in order to obtain food, the people only needed to go a certain walking distance. I t was not necessary to travel for long periods to get a small portion of food, as anthropologists thought. However, there was never a surplus of food, which could allude to the fact that there was not enough food for a surplus. This was a misconception because the bush people had more than enough food to live off, so there was no need to obtain a surplus because there was no need to store food when it was readily available. Another misconception anthropologists had was that the bush people had to hunt often for sustenance but this was invalidated. The Bushmen go out to collect food around every third day throughout the year. Anthropologists thought when they went out to get food, the !Kung people went hunting. This was not the case. It was proven that around 60 to 80 percent of their diets were comprised of vegetation from the area surrounding the camp. This can be partially attributed to the fact that the men are not always successful when they go to hunt, and it also involv es the fact that there is a large variety of vegetation available to the people. Previously, anthropologists thought that in a hunter-gatherer society,Show MoreRelatedNanda and Warms, Bodley, Lee Study Guide1662 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology 03 Readings- Nanda and Warms:   Chapters 1-3,5 Bodley: Chapters 1-2 Lee: entire book (including Appendix A and B) Videos:   â€Å"First Contact† â€Å"Bushmen of the Kalahari† â€Å"N!ai†Ã‚   Topics: Concept of culture- The learned, symbolic, at least partially adaptive and ever-changing patterns of behavior and meaning shared by members of a group. - Almost all behavior is learned - Cultural norms and values are shared by people - All Cultures change Pidgin English- A simplified languageRead MoreCompare and Contrast Dobe/JuHoansi1863 Words   |  8 Pagesmarriage and sexuality, and conflicts, politics, and exchange. With the help of Richard Lees case study of these hunters and gatherers, our society can become more cultural relative and get a peak into the way of life of a dying breed. The Ju/hoansi are a hunting and gathering society who are located on the border of Namibia and Botswana. These two countries are in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. In the 1950s Richard Lee wanted to research these people because he wanted to dispel twoRead MoreHunting Essay3907 Words   |  16 Pagespercent of the U.S. population hunts, hunting is permitted in many wildlife refuges, national forests, and state parks and on other public lands3  where almost half of all hunters slaughter and maim millions of animals every year (by some estimates, poachers kill just as many animals illegally).(4,5)  The vast majority of hunters do not kill for subsistence.(6) Municipalities and other entities often resort to hunting in an attempt to reduce urban animal populations, but lethal methods never work inRead MoreSoc 290 Final : The Gods Must Be Crazy3362 Words   |  14 Pagesstudy of Lenski focused on Lenski’s division of the history of society into five society types, and how the advancement of technology led to social inequality. In The Gods Must be Crazy, the Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert would fall into Lenski’s Hunter-Gatherer society type. Lenski defines a Hunter-Gatherer society as a small, nomadic group of people who make use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food (Lenski 90). The Bushman use simple tools made of wood and bone. The video

Life of Eudora Welty Essay Example For Students

Life of Eudora Welty Essay Eudora Welty was born in 1909, in Jackson, Mississippi, grew up in a prosperous home with her two younger brothers. Her parent was an Ohio-born insurance man and a strong-minded West Virginian schoolteacher, who settled in Jackson in 1904 after their marriage. Eudoras school life began attending a white-only school. As born and brought up under strict supervision and influence, at the age of sixteen she somehow convinced her parents to attend college far enough from home, to Columbus, Mississippi and then to Madison, Wisconsin. After graduation in 1930, she moved to New York to attend Columbia Business School. While living in New York, Harlem Jazz theatre occupied her more than her class did. She returned to Jackson in 1931 following her fathers untimely death, where she worked for a local radio station and also wrote articles for a newspaper. Later she worked as a publicity agent for the Works Progress Administration in 1935. As a part of her job she traveled by car or by bus through the depth of Mississippi, and saw poverty of black and white people, which she had never imagined before. This time photography became her passion. She was somehow influenced by black and Southern culture as seen in her novel or short story called Some Notes on River Country or A Worn Path. Eudora Weltys writing process began as she started using experience from her job as material for short stories. Welty knew that she was starting something new and she Salahuddin 2 did not expect success to come without a struggle. In June 1936 her story Death of a Traveling Salesman was published in the Journal Manuscript. Within the next two years her work had appeared in prestigious publication as Atlantic Monthly and the Southern Review. Many readers liked her collection of short stories in A Curtain of Green and predicted that if would lead her to greater achievements as a successful writer. Two years later her two short stories The Wide Net and Other Stories were highly appreciated by critics such as Robert Penn Warren. Eudora Weltys primary goal in creating fiction was not only to relate a series of events, but also to convey a stronger sense of her characters of that specific moment in times, always acknowledging the ambiguous nature of reality. She has written both humorous and tragic stories. Her humorous stories often rely upon the comic possibility of language as in both of her stories, Why I Live at the P. O. and The Ponder Heart, which explains the humor in the speech pattern and colorful idiom of their Southern narrators. Welty hasnt published any new volumes of short stories since The Bride of Innisfallen in 1955 and it renewed her interest in fiction. In the early 1970s to 80s she wrote many novels and short stories. Her most complex stories in The Golden Apples won critical acclaim, and she received a number of prizes and awards throughout the following decade. She won the William Dean Howells Medal of Academy of Arts. Welty also won the letters for her novel The Ponder Heart. In the 1970s she published two novels, Losing Battles and The Optimists Daughter, which was much more critically successful and won a Pulitzer Prize. Her autobiographical book One Writers Beginnings is a remarkably useful account of her origins and development as a writer. Salahuddin 3 For her literary work Eudora Welty has received almost every award a nation can give. She received Freedom Medal of Honor twice from President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Ragen. Other awards include the Gold Medal for the Novel from the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the Bobst Award in Arts and Letters, eight Henry Memorial Prizes, the Howells Medal from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the American Book Award for Paperback Fiction, The St. Louis Literary Award, the Lillian Smith Award, the Common Wealth Award from the Modern Language Association, the Phi Beta Kappa Association Award, the Rea Award for the Short Story, the Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award, and the PEN/Malamud Award. Weltys portrait was hung in the National Portrait Gallery in 1988 which is a rare instance honoring a living person. In the short story, Death of A Travelling Salesman, written by Eudora Welty. The main character of her story is R. J. Bowman, who is a succ essful salesman but not successful to be loved or to love someone. .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .postImageUrl , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:hover , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:visited , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:active { border:0!important; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:active , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Effects Of Detoxification On A Healthy Lifestyle EssayAfter recovering from illness, Bowman heading a place name Beulah, his car goes in to the ditch because of dusty residue on his car that prevent him to see the road. For help to get his car out of ditch, Bowman, goes to a house and knock on the door. An old woman opens the door holding a lamp, and he notices that the lamp she holds is half black and half clear. After listing Bowmans problem that woman tells him that her husband, Sonny, will be home to get his car out. With the woman lighting the lamp he realizes the effect of the dark cloud over his life. He finds that his half-life is happy and the other half is full of darkness and sadness. Bowman knows he has never felt love before, and he doesnt know if he can ever love. He start to feel unwanted in the house, because he finds out that Sonny and the woman Salahuddin 4 are married and are going to have a child. As he is walking out to his car, he started to feel terribly sick. He covered his heart so no one could hear the sound of an aching heart. He covered his heart as he has done all his life, he has covered up the darkness so no one else could see it, and so no one could try and help him. So finally, he dies as half-happy and half-sad salesman. After a lifetime of refusing to consider teaching a profession too closely associated with her mother, she began to lecture on writing whenever she asked. Eudora Welty will always be remembered for her contributions in the literary world. Her work has been the subject of thousands of academic papers and theses. She is widely regarded as one of the foremost fiction writers not only in America but also in other countries as well. Eudora Welty died unmarried on July 23, 2001 at the age of 92.

Project Scope Implementing and Supporting Methodologies

Question: Discuss about theProject Scopefor Implementing and Supporting Methodologies. Answer: Introduction: Assessment of the Report on the Current Project. The analysis did show that there were loopholes for computer risks due the XY Departments outdated systems. The evaluation of the report indicates that the departments had an initial budget of 2.3 million required to implement changes in their computer systems. However, the department of federal government decided to allocate them 1.5 million due to the financial challenges the state was facing. A project was then stopped, and planning within the budget was set by coming up with set goals for the change and upgrade of the hardware and software of the department. The whole upgrade was projected to end on June 30th, 2010. This needed a management to take charge, and a steering committee was immediately formed having all the board members from the XY Department. "Good Programs" an independent company took advantage of the opportunity and promised to upgrade the software and Hardware components of the XY department. The company set off by updating the software part of the scheme. Despite the effort by "Good Programs" to install the software, their efforts were doubted by several XY Department managers as the committee found some shortcoming associated with the newly installed software. The board then decided to hire a system tester to determine the problem with the software. However, this proved to be an overhead cost for them. Appointment of a new CEO took place after the current CEO together with the finance manager were removed. The new CEO was advised on an additional 185, 000 pounds needed for the completion of the project. This presented itself as a challenge as the money was not in his current budget. He also was not up to speed on what had been implemented and what had remained. This is because the new CEO cant see any documentation or reports, budget or changes in the scope available for reference. This, therefore, concluded with the plan and the project scope with a clear milestone to implement installation of new software and hardware systems being not achieved (Kettl, 1988). The Basic Structure of this Report The structure of this report has its base on the different causes that may have led to the failure of the XY Department project to install new updates on the software and hardware system in their organization. Another basis will be on the recommended strategy that the business organization should use if it is to be successful at all (Cicmil, Williams, Thomas, Hodgson, 2006). Comparison of this Assessment with Sound Project Management Practices. The following presents a comparison of sound project management with that of XY Department; a) The standard change; every organization has to lay down the standard changes which do not affect the day to day running of a business such as the installation of an antivirus. The department didnt have this in mind and was just focus on a broader picture (Cicmil, Williams, Thomas, Hodgson, 2006). b) Emergency changes: these present a critical situation on which the organization has to make a quick change but perfectly. The XY saw that they needed an upgrade on their system but lacked the very basis of the change and ended up destroying everything (Kerzner, 2004). c) Back out a plan: for any organization when in the process of implementing new strategy there is always a way back to the original starting point before any changes were made. The organization had no back out plan (Charvat, 2003). d) Project service availability: this presents a scenario in which for a change to be implemented the timing should matter and the process take place when the customer traffic is low. With the organization, no such considerations were made (House, Javidan, Hanges, Dorfman, 2002). Recommend Steps to Bring the Project to a Close The following recommendation could help bring the project to a close; a) They should specify the scope and the project objectives; The Good Programs should define the level of work that needs to be performed, incorporating the total resources required for the software and hardware installation. After the definition of the objectives and the scope, they should have a review with the project steering committee and agrees on what has to be done (Charvat, 2003). b) They should specify the deliverables; A description of what the project will deliver should be done by Good Programs. As the scope was to remove outdated software and hardware a clear indication of this and what is to be installed should be done in front of the committee before commence. c) The should define the project planning; Ways in which the production of all delivery technique should have been clearly stated by Good Programs including site information and the structural breakdown of each location (Charvat, 2003). Recommend Improvements to the CSDs Future Project Management Practices. The XY Department should subdivide the project into three phases; the planning, executive, and close-packed phase (Kerzner, 2013). Several factors need to be taken seriously like; The scope; the project, customers, and the recipients need to be defined. The audience also has to be targeted in the range. b) The stakeholders; the starting and running of the project are to be effected by individuals and the organization, and this should highly be defined before the project begins. c) Goals; every project should have a goal, and the team should have made clear and achievable goals. d) Planning; for every project that is to be started extensive planning should be done by both the shareholders and the management as a project is impossible to complete successfully with no planning at all. The plan should be executed by the people who are involved with the project throughout (Kerzner, 2013). e) A Proper estimate of cost and time; an accurate estimate of the cost and time it will take for the project to meet its goals should be set. This ensures that the project goals are realized and not reaching half completing then there are no more funds to finance the project. Attributes and Skill Sets Recommended in Selecting a Project Manager a) Visionary; the project leader should be effective when he has a vision of all that he is doing and ability to solve problems that may come as a result. b) Integrity; when there is a conflicting situation that conflict with ethical beliefs project leader needs to display integrity to assess the situation and solve it without bias (El-Sabaa, 2001). c) Competence; the project managers should possess the technical know-how on the project he is starting and not just relying on his advisers and the management for help. d) Ability to delegate task; the project manager should show wisdom in the delegation of duties as per an employee's area and level of specialization without fear or bias (El-Sabaa, 2001). Advice to the CEO The CEO should make everything possible to ensure that a project in his organization is a success. The CEO should also be ready to learn. He/she can do this through attending seminars and getting new ideas for his project. The CEO should also display excellent ability to think and come with projects that entail profitability in both the short and the long-term strategies. The CEO should also be faithful to the workforce as this will boost loyalty and improve the quality of work (Cicmil, Williams, Thomas, Hodgson, 2006). Conclusion Upgrading of the XY Department system was a fantastic idea as it is through this upgrade that risks will be minimized. However, the pan that was installed by the management committee showed that they had no managerial qualities to set up, run and finish a project. This led to the collapse of the project even before it was completed. Recommendation Proper layouts should be performed before undertaking any project plan. Resources ranging from capital, plans, raw materials, time, labor should be clearly stipulated in the project plan before it commences. The vision and goals of the project should realize an exact estimate of when the project will end should also be estimated. Standard project control measures should be taken as the back out the plan in case the project is to fail (Highsmith, 2009). References Charvat, J. (2003). Project management methodologies: selecting, implementing, and supporting methodologies and processes for projects. John Wiley Sons. Cicmil, S., Williams, T., Thomas, J., Hodgson, D. (2006). Rethinking project management: Researching the actuality of projects. International Journal of Project Management, 24(8), 675-686. El-Sabaa, S. (2001). The skills and career path of an effective project manager. International journal of project management, 19(1), 1-7. Highsmith, J. (2009). Agile project management: creating innovative products. Pearson Education. House, R., Javidan, M., Hanges, P., Dorfman, P. (2002). Understanding cultures and implicit leadership theories across the globe: an introduction to Project GLOBE. Journal of world business, 37(1), 3-10. Kerzner, H. (2004). Advanced project management: Best practices on implementation. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kettl, D. F. (1988). Government by proxy:(Mis?) managing federal programs. Cq Press. Wheelwright, S. C., Clark, K. B. (1992). Creating project plans to focus product development. Harvard Business School Pub.

Deism The Child of the Renaissance

Deism (Lat. Deus – God) is a philosophical standpoint that provides a specific attitude to religious beliefs. The deists accepted that the world was created by some supreme being (God), but the world’s further development was without His involvement. The time period when this philosophical study occurred is not strictly defined, but there were many philosophers who accepted this point of view.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Deism: The Child of the Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among them are Locke, Jefferson and Paine. In this essay, we are going to discuss and explain the deism of the period of Enlightenment and show the relations between ides of deism and Enlightenment philosophy through the analysis of teaching such great people as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson. In order to understand why deism was so popular during the period of enlightenment, we should bri efly examine the main philosophical ideas of this à ©poque. The main idea of this period was the glorification of a human being. The philosophers provided the idea that man was a creator of his life and of all things around him. They proclaimed the power of knowledge and the ability to control nature with the help of it. Thus, people were not dependent on the God’s will and were masters of their fates. These ideas were basically central on the theory of deism. The common feature of deism and philosophy of enlightenment was the attitude to God and religion. Thus, deism, as well as enlightenment, identified the creative power of God through â€Å"nature and reason, not revelation† (â€Å"Deism – Enlightened Emptiness† n. p.). The deists did not identify only one God for one religion, on the contrary, they considered that one power or a â€Å"divine being† created the world and this power is common for all religions. Furthermore, deism presupposed th at God does not rule over one’s life and nature, as opposed to this idea, they proclaimed that human beings are in charge of the world. Thus, enlightenment and deism were common in one thing: â€Å"God became no more than the supreme intelligence† (Kramnick 12). The ideas of deism were supported by such philosophers as Franklin, Paine and Jefferson. In the book The Age of Reason, Thomas Paine claims that he believes in: â€Å"equality of man, and that religious duty consists in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavor to make our fellow-creatures happy† (Paine 18).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He believed in religion â€Å"cleaned† from superstitions and dogmas. He also assumed that it was not necessary to go to Church to prove one’s fate. The same ideas of deism, but more traditional ones, were provided by Benjamin Franklin. As opposed to Paine , Franklin approved that God â€Å"governs by his providence. That he ought to be worshiped† (Franklin and Bigelow 79). Franklin also believed in immortal soul and afterlife. President Thomas Jefferson’s religious views were also inspired by English Deists. He supported the teaching of Jesus and considered it to be the supreme morality. This president supported the religious freedom. Though this man had never identified himself with particular deism movement, he shared their ideas, but in his personal interpretation. Thus, we can come to a conclusion that many philosophers, politicians, writers and other famous people shared the ideas if deism, especially the ones that lived and worked during the period of enlightenment. Furthermore, it would be fair to suggest that deism and the age of enlightenment had the same philosophical milestone and attitude to God and human. The deists accepted that world was created by God, however, at the same time they gave people right to be masters of their lives. Works Cited Kramnick, Issac. The Portable Enlightenment Reader. New York: Penguin Books, 1995. Paine, Thomas. The Age of Reason. Forgotten Books, 1923. Franklin, Benjamin, and John Bigelo. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Forgotten Books, 1945. â€Å"Deism – Enlightened Emptiness†. All about Philosophy – The Big Questions. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Deism: The Child of the Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Deism: The Child of the Renaissance was written and submitted by user Diego Glenn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Ladies Man essays

The Ladies Man essays Ooooo, itth a lady, is the typical response most female callers would get from The Ladies Man Leon Phelps as soon as their sweet voice enters his radio headset. Based on the excessive use of sexual innuendo in his style of speech, Leon Phelps a.k.a. The Ladies Man, only solidifies the fact that he truly is a fun loving, care-free swinger that enjoys nothing more than a good one night stand. Leon expresses his sexual views and vocabulary mostly on his radio show and regardless of constant warnings and fines, he continues to stretch his freedom of speech to their furthest limits. He seems to perceive the women that he sleeps with to be victories, as if the concept of sex is a game to him. His constant referrals to his female flings as ,Sweet thang, and his never-ending quest to sleep with as many women as possible only reiterates that fact that he is a man-whore, and whats more, he is proud of it. First of all, Leons lisp is the most notable trademark relating to his style of speaking. Every S that passes through his lips is transformed to a th sound, adding humor to his already hilarious one liners. I have noticed that many people who have speech impediments have lower self-esteem, or are on the shy side. Leon is as far from that generalization as possible. Unconsciously, that is a turn on for the ladies; seeing a guy that has confidence in himself even with an impediment that hinders many others. Secondly, The Ladies Man is undoubtedly one of the funniest SNL characters to make a movie. For example, he thinks he is incredibly smooth with the ladies, when in reality, his pickup lines and comments are extremely corny. All that matters is that the ladies buy it. During the opening scene in Lesters Bar, Leon imagines himself whispering sweet things into a certain ladies ear. Leon approaches her, offers a light to her cigarette, leans i...

Working Conditions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Working Conditions - Research Paper Example This paper will specifically focus on safety standards employed at meatpacking industry across USA, which has mostly labored low waged immigrant and undocumented workers. Indeed, the number of rising accidents and injury rates has compelled policy-makers and pundits to formulate and implement new strategies that would ensure maximum safety of workers employed by meat industry. The author in this paper will analyze various recommendations provided by Human Right Watch institution. Indeed, the author will apply Utilitarian and Deontological business ethics concepts and theoretical frameworks to demonstrate the adequacy and feasibility of different recommendations, aimed to improve workplace practices for greater safety and creation of healthy and secure meatpacking environment. It should be pointed out that OSHA promised from concerned authorities that it would initiate training programs about effective meatpacking cleaning to firms that offer services to US meat and poultry industries. For instance, the concerned authorities and various institutions such as World-Herald also launched investigations to identify weaknesses in currently industry wide implemented practices and procedures. (USA labor Department, 2004) Human Rights Watch, a renowned international welfare institution, also came with relevant recommendations for safety of meat packing workers that will be discussed briefly in this section after they will be evaluated in the light of ethical concepts. The first recommendation was to develop ‘new state and federal laws to reduce the speed’ of automated production lines because workers are unable to adjust themselves in such fast production environment and unable to properly handle sophisticated machinery. In addition, the number of accidents has notably increased over recent years, which is an alarming issue that needs to be tackled at the earliest. Next

Give comments to personal statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Give comments to personal statements - Essay Example The fascination is the basis of his personal and career goals to major in Software Engineering. He envisions building his game development company. Collins believes his determination will be crucial in pursuing Ph.D. in either Robotics, Intelligence or Theoretical Physics (Lam, 2015). Collin’s good background education on computers will see him through his computer career. In fact, he has already been successful in developing games in high school and the recent Edrenium with positive feedbacks. Willis Hougland’s love for Lego toys is the basis of his career given the mental development and dexterity of hands that comes with the childhood toys as evident with development of remote cars and full size cars in high school. At the University of Colorado, he majors in component design develops, and a drill powered vehicle and knowledge in software design, as well as skills on metalworking and welding, helps him in developing a contestable bike. His leadership skills are put to test when acting as Head of Manufacturing Engineering where he diagnoses problems especially poor designs (Johansen, & Johansen, 2011). Education and personal skills will undoubtedly make his goals achievable. Kirsten Chun’s love for medicine as a career begins with early childhood experience as she watches successful x-rays by the father. Cancer experience with her mother and at the women healthcare center is also the reasons for her fascination with physiology and medicine. Therefore, she would like to contribute to the expansion of medicine knowledge. Working with women helped her develop excellent patient care skills and stresses the need for compassion (Cipolle, Strand, & Morley, 2012). She plans to get back to Hawaii and attend A. Burns Medical School and believes her diligence and affectionate personality will add to the diversity of the university

How I have improved My Mastery of English language through the Essay

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Analysis On Bharati Mukherjee English Literature Essay

Analysis On Bharati Mukherjee English Literature Essay In turn, Mukherjee lays claim to an America that is both constantly transforming, and transformed by, the new immigrant. As the title of her short stories collection The Middle Man and Other Stories (1988) suggests, each protagonist from a different part of the world functions as a mediator of cultures, negotiating the two-way transformation (Mukherjee, AUP 141) of either an expatriate or immigrant experience in America. That the collection won the National Book Critics Circle Award undeniably affirms the appeal of such a Maximalist narrative strategy professing to give an equal voice to each immigrant group. On further analysis, however, it is clear that Mukherjees representation of a fluid American (trans)national identity influenced by diversity is ultimately predicated on the foregrounding of differences. Despite Mukherjees call for America to go beyond multiculturalism in its treatment of new immigrants, her own postcolonial immigrant subjectivity-inevitably shaped by her elite British and American educational background-remains aligned with white hegemony, which continues to hierarchize its immigrants on the bases of ethnicity, class and gender. After all, Mukherjee specifically reveals in Jasmine that [e]ducated people are interested in difference (33). Keeping Mukherjees explicitly stated literary agendas in mind, this chapter will attempt to examine the ironies in Mukherjees postcolonial subjectivity in the novel Jasmine and the two short stories A Wifes Story and The Tenant, both from The Middleman and Other Stories collection. Radical alterity of India From the vantage point of a successful female intellectual in America, Mukherjee disavows India precisely because its repressive patriarchy severely limits womens opportunities in life, insofar as the sanctity of womens lives is largely disregarded and constantly endangered. However, feudal compliance was [precisely] what still kept India an unhealthy and backward nation (Mukherjee, Jasmine 77). This necessitates that Mukherjees heroines break the vicious cycle of being locked into arranged marriages that technically seal their fates with violent subjugation. In Mukherjees short story The Tenant, Mayas claim that [a]ll Indian men are wife beaters (99) may be an exaggeration, but the more disturbing revelation is that the grooms mother was absolute tyrant of the household (Mukherjee, Jasmine 147) in India. Indeed, generations of Indian women have also been physically abusing female subordinates deemed to have transgressed patriarchal norms. Yet, when meted out to any woman who defends or is interested in the pursuit of an education, such domestic violence is clearly a violation of basic human rights, unjustified to an America that champions the inalienable rights of every individual to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In Jasmine, Jyotis mother suffers strikes from her husband because she supports Jyotis aspiration to continue her studies and become a doctor. In the short story A Wifes Story, Pannas mother is beaten by her illiterate mother-in-law because she enrolled in French class at the Alliance Franà §aise. The fact that even these Brahmin wives are not spared the rod underscores that physical violence against women cuts across the entire caste system, denying all women personal and professional progress. These scenarios emphatically portray the radical alterity of India, insofar as it becomes utterly incomprehensible to Americans who privilege individualism and gender egalitarianism. Aligned with these values, Mukherjee attempts to consolidate her status approval from the American market by positioning herself not as [an] advantaged inside[r] of Asian culture but as similarly disadvantaged as [her] Anglo readers in finding that Asian component bizarre, distasteful, and difficult to comprehend (Shirley Lim, AG 161) as well. As Mukherjee reveals, it is necessary to give Jasmine a society that was so regressive, traditional, so caste-bound, genderist, that she could discard it (IMC 19) in exchange for a rebirth in America. In exposing the oppression inherent in Indias patriarchal structure, Mukherjee situates her decolonizing impulse as one that embraces emancipation in America, a land that seemingly affords women endless opportunities to attain self-actualization. Beyond pervasive domestic violence, even sectarian violence in post-independence India is targeted at women at some levels. In Jasmine, the Khalsa Lions are a Sikh fundamentalist group that conflates political and religious agendas to commit terrorist attacks against its detractors. Because Prakash does not believe that the sovereignty of modern India should be jeopardized by religious differences, and because Jasmine is deemed whorish (Mukherjee, Jasmine 65) for being Prakashs modern Hindu wife, they both become victims of the Khalsa Lions bombing. The death of Prakash, a progressive Indian man who serves as Mukherjees mouthpiece for rejecting feudalism, is significant. It convinces Jasmine that there is nothing else redeeming about strife-ridden and regressive India, and that her only alternative is to go alone to America, without job, husband, or papers (Mukherjee, Jasmine 97) to complete Prakashs mission. Jasmines conception of this mission is to commit sati, the traditional but now illegal Hindu ritual of widow self-immolation, at the Florida International Institute of Technology where Prakash had earned a place to study. However, Gurleen Grewal points out that despite Jasmines apparent antipathy toward Indian cultural life, her commitment to the extreme practice of sati ironically suggests otherwise (Born Again American 189). This contradiction is unfathomable even to Indian readers, let alone American ones. After all, Prakashs respectful and relatively egalitarian treatment of Jasmine does not necessitate that she make such a violent sacrifice. This calls into question Mukherjees purpose for narrativizing Jasmines single-minded resolve to commit sati and make America the place [she] had chosen to die, on the first day if possible (Jasmine 120). Compared to mere domestic violence against Indian women, sati symbolizes a classic instance of Orientalism that depicts Indian cultural inscrutability in a more sensationalistic manner to justify Mukherjees disavo wal of the old country. Jasmines intended transplantation of this archaic practice to modern America is thus a powerful juxtaposition that exposes the cultural incongruity in her nascent immigrant subjectivity. In order to effectively negotiate the crossing over from India to America, this incongruity undeniably requires ironing out. Violence in America Ironically, rape marks Jasmines entry into America, indicating that violence is never far from the threshold of the postcolonials consciousness (Dayal 78) regardless of her physical location. In terms of identity politics, the rapist Half-Face, a Vietnam War veteran, represents a masculine America whose aggression toward a feminized Asia presupposes the latters passive submission. Yet, Jasmines incarnation as Kali-a Hindu goddess possessing destructive violence-to murder Half-Face epitomizes the paradigm, as Rita DasGupta Sherma notes, that the female subjects alignment with a powerful goddess can serve to subvert conventional power structures (cited in Kafka 94). Importantly, that Jasmine decidedly aborts the mission of self-immolation only after she kills Half-Face is Mukherjees narrative strategy to reinforce the necessity of annihilating disempowering cultural practices associated with the old country in order to remake oneself (Jasmine 29) in the new world. With the killing of H alf-Face, as Timothy Ruppel argues, Jasmine passes from innocence and enacts a radical break, suggesting a form of resistance that is contingent, disruptive, and strategic (187). Indeed, this violent initiation rite has effectively bestowed upon Jasmine an assertive self-agency and self-reliance necessary for survival in America. Recalling that back in India Jasmine could only beseech the policeman to kill Prakashs murderer, her phenomenal capability to kill the perpetrator of her rape in America is an irrevocable transformation. In the end, Jasmine only executes a symbolic sati, burning the suitcase containing Prakashs suit and her own white widow sari in the trash bin. The completion of this ritual signifies Jasmines desire of traveling light in America, in spite of its apparent violence, to wholeheartedly attune herself to the speed of transformation, the fluidity of American character and the American landscape (Mukherjee, Jasmine 121, 138). American Orientalism Although the Orientalism that Edward Said posits does not deal with an Other situated in the West, Yasuko Kase suggests that the Asian American functions as the Other in what she calls American Orientalism (795). Mukherjee also portrays her female protagonists as Asian objects (of desire) subjected to the white gaze, although each of them responds to this exoticization differently. In A Wifes Story, Panna Patels immediate reaction to the line-[Patel women] look like theyve just been fucked by a dead cat (26)-in David Mamets play Glengarry Glen Ross is to leave and write the playwright a letter. With her people and, in particular, her gender made the butt of a racist joke in America, Panna confronts the ambivalence of her visible minority status: Its the tyranny of the American dream that scares me. First, you dont exist. Then youre invisible. Then youre funny. Then youre disgusting. Insult, my American friends will tell me, is a kind of acceptance. No instant dignity here. A play like this, back home, would cause riots. Communal, racist, and antisocial. The actors wouldnt make it off stage. (Mukherjee, AWS 26) Recognizing that she is an Asian female, Panna understands that American Orientalism manifested in cultural productions, even at its crudest, is best taken with a pinch of salt. In comparison, the violent intolerance expected in India toward such derogatory remarks seems to reflect a Third World barbarism and lack of restraint. Having successfully, albeit only temporarily, broken free from the oppressions in India to pursue a doctorate degree in America, Panna assumes that postcolonialism has made her the[] referee (Mukherjee, AWS 27) of both worlds because of her transnational mobility. However, to believe that this is an achievement great enough for David Mamet to be a little afraid (Mukherjee, AWS 29) of South Asians in America, instead of being condescending in his Orientalist representation of the latter, is overly delusional on Pannas part. Mukherjee is evidently being ironic here, but it is perhaps necessary for Panna to dismiss American Orientalism in order to recuperate the dignity of her Indian identity, considering that she is only an expatriate for whom the return to India remains a very real possibility. However, Jasmine, the illegal immigrant in the novel Jasmine, responds to the hegemonic exertion of American Orientalism in a strikingly different manner. To be sure, Yasuko Kase suggests that critics should not be too quick to accuse Asian American writers who appear to accommodate American Orientalism of being unauthentic or selling out (797, 797) without first evaluating how this may be a survival strategy for minority groups. Significantly, Jasmine realizes that Orientalist binaries deployed to stereotype her are assets, rather than liabilities, that facilitate her transition into American life: Bud courts me because I am alien. I am darkness, mystery, inscrutability. The East plugs me into instant vitality and wisdom (Mukherjee, Jasmine 200). Empowered by her exotic sexuality that successfully mesmerizes the white American male, Jasmine quickly gains entry into the American middle class. Jasmines foreign femininity serves to domesticate racial difference (Bow, Betrayal 30) in th e Ripplemeyer household, where the wheelchair-bound Bud is physically and emotionally reliant on her, inasmuch as Jasmine astutely panders to Buds desires by facilely switching her role between caregiver and temptress (Mukherjee, Jasmine 36). Indeed, Gurleen Grewal highlights that Jasmine readily complies as the exotic Other [because] this compliance is her ticket to the American Dream (Born Again American 191). More importantly, however, this compliance entails the conscious silencing of aspects of the old country that unsettle the American. As a quick stud[y] (Mukherjee, Jasmine 29) of the process of assimilation, Jasmine recognizes that America ultimately has the upper hand in deciding what it finds fascinatingly or frighteningly exotic about the Asian female, in turn dictating which fragments of her Indian identity she should discard. While this (re)affirms the hegemony of the metropolitan center in which Jasmine now finds herself, it is also Mukherjees means of asserting unapologetically that any form of lingering entanglement with the old world is tantamount to the immigrants betrayal of America. Effectively, then, Mukherjee strategically resorts to Orientalism to prove how un-Oriental she is (Ma 14) and how the immigrant ought to embrace America wholeheartedly. Just as Bud and Mrs. Ripplemeyer are uncomfortable with Jasmines stories of poverty and backwardness in India, so Jasmine also remains uncritical of Bud assuming the white mans burden-originally the Wests rationalization for colonizing and civilizing the backwaters of the East-to save Asia. It is ironic that Jasmine seems genuinely unaware of Buds Orientalist impulse in adopting Du, a Vietnamese refugee. If Bud symbolizes an American nation whose foreign policy is indicative of its positioning as the current imperium of the world, then his interventionist act clearly enacts the extension of Americas neocolonial grasp to an Asia-as represented by Du-that is in need of social uplift by American standards. This is evident from Bud feeling gratified, but not that impressed (Mukherjee, Jasmine 155) when Du exhibits a creative affinity with the American technology made available to him. However, Jasmines idealistic naÃÆ' ¯vetà © leads her to believe that it is [e]xtravagant love tugging at Buds conscience to atone (Mukherjee, Jasmine 228) for his comfortable American life that Asia is deprived of. Jasmine romanticizes Buds altruism in part because her tumultuous immigrant experience makes her envy the straightforwardness of Buds middle-class life. Nevertheless, Rajini Srikanth is perplexed that Mukherjee finds it necessary for American writers to probe into the severity of global injustices simply because she is complacently confident that American institutions can effectively redress these injustices (211). This idealistic view of America explains why Mukherjee ultimately skirts around the political implications of Buds humanitarian deeds, leaving Jasmine to celebrate the impacted glories of individual consciousness (Mukherjee, OBAW) instead. Consequently, Mukherjees unquestioning appropriation of (American) Orientalism reveals her complicit alignment with an i mperialist attitude that continues to view the West and the East in the Manichean allegory of binaristic oppositions. Further, through deploying the trope of abject suffering in the old country to accentuate the validity of the Asian immigrants self-actualization in the United States, Mukherjee over-valorizes the recuperative and salvific modernity (Walter Lim 10) of America. In A Wifes Story, Charity Chins uncle is a first-generation Chinese American who escapes the Wuchang Uprising of 1911 into the safety of America. Yet, the ellipses between his initial arrival and his eventual success as a gift store owner in New York can hardly be satisfactorily accounted for by Pannas reductive evaluation that though he doesnt speak much English, he seems to have done well (Mukherjee, AWS 31). Just as Amy Tan has elided the first-generation Chinese American mothers adaptation in America in the novel The Joy Luck Club, Mukherjee is also silent about the conditions of successful assimilations (Grewal, Indian-American Literature 100) in her portrayal of some Asian immigrants. It seems that Mukherjees idealization of the American Dream supersedes any critical need to examine how the underclass immigrant without the relevant symbolic and cultural capital copes with the demands of America. Similarly, Jasmines explanation that Dus doing well [in America] because he has always trained with live ammo, without a net, with no multiple choice [in Vietnam] (Mukherjee, Jasmine 214) also postulates an assumed cultural superiority that the First World abundance of America is a panacea for Third World deprivations. Yet, Mukherjee fails to address how suffering in the Third World, in effect, transnationally translates into the form of racial discrimination in America. Rather, Jasmines claim that prior suffering must count for something (Mukherjee, Jasmine 32) seems to imply that suffering is a prerequisite for the immigrants civic legitimacy in America. While Rajini Srikanth contends that this is a dangerous and morally untenable position of endorsing discriminatory practices as aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦rite of pa ssage to share in the nations founding ideals (212-3), the trope of abject suffering in the Third World helps Mukherjee ratify the narrative of Asian immigrant desire that America offers salvation and unlimited opportunities for the Third World immigrant seeking liberation. Repudiating Purity of Culture In her short story Two ways to Belong in America published in the New York Times in 1996, Mukherjee highlights the crucial difference between herself and her sister Mira. While both of them have lived in America for decades, Miras retention of Indian citizenship is a clear sign that she is in America to maintain an identity, not to transform it (Mukherjee, TWBA). Mukherjees quarrel with such resistance toward assimilation finds vivid expression in Jasmine through her portrayal of the Vadhera household, Jasmines initial host family in the Punjabi ghetto of Flushing, Queens. The self-sufficient ethnic enclave constructs an artificially maintained Indianness for the immigrant to comfortably bunker oneself inside nostalgia (Mukherjee, Jasmine 145, 85) in order to safeguard Indian culture. Such conscious alienation illustrates a coping strategy to mitigate the underlying difficulty of immigrant life in ethnic ghettoes that Mukherjee, however, chooses to overlook in favor of foregrounding Jasmines transformations in America. Significantly, the revelation that Devinder Vadhera, once Prakashs professor in India, now depends on the menial labor of sorting imported human hair for a living elicits not sympathy, but shame, from Jasmine. It convinces Jasmine all the more that the green card is her passport to the pursuit of happiness, and that if she remains stuck in this neighborhood, she will be doomed to die from unnamed, unfulfilled wants (Mukherjee, Jasmine 148). Here, the allusion to Betty Friedans 1963 social commentary The Feminine Mystique, in which she diagnoses the sense of emptiness and entrapment felt by suburban housewives across postwar America as [the] problem that has no name (20), is clear. By conflating Jasmines underclass predicament with that of middle-class American women, Mukherjee seems to suggest that Jasmine, at this point just a newly arrived illegal immigrant, possesses the same sensibility that stands her in good stead to achieve the kind of lib eration that her American sisters have enjoyed since the success of the womens movement. Jasmines decision to leave the Vadheras conveniently eschews any serious debunking of the American Dream, which discriminates on the basis of social class. Jasmines dramatic elevation from a village girl to a professional (Mukherjee, Jasmine 175) caregiver is unquestioningly celebrated as the miracle of the American Dream. In stark contrast, Mukherjees representation of the Vadheras bears no empathetic critique of the grim reality of deprofessionalization plaguing many South Asian immigrants, whose professional credentials acquired back home are either not translatable to or devaluated in the American context. Instead, Mukherjees disavowal of India is fleshed out equally, if not more strongly through her dismal portrayal of the Vadheras as cowardly Indian immigrants resistant to change. Effectively, then, the Vadheras are scapegoats for Mukherjee to emphasize that honorable survival requires res ilience, curiosity, and compassion, a letting go of rigid ideas about the purity of inherited culture (BM 456), harkening back to her conviction that immigrants ought to embrace their American identity. On the other hand, living on the cutting edge of suburbia (103) but similarly bunkered inside nostalgia are the Chatterjis in Mukherjees short story The Tenant. Immune to the deprofessionalization which debases Devinda Vadheras American life, Rab Chatterji is a Physics professor while his wifes nephew Poltoo is a postgraduate student at Iowa State University. Their personal success makes them Americas model minority from which other lesser minority groups are expected to learn, but Grewal points out that [a]mong the insidious effects of this pronouncement are the stereotyping of an Asian character' (Indian-American Literature 98) that, I posit, does not extend beyond the Asian immigrants economic value, or the lack thereof, to America. The notion of model minority already presupposes the hyphenated identity of the Indian immigrant, even if s/he is already a naturalized American. This clearly runs counter to Mukherjees identification of herself as an American without hyphens (Mukherje e, BM 460). For this reason, Mukherjee satirically exposes all the Chatterjis Indian traits that make them undeserving American citizens. Mukherjee first repudiates Dr. Chatterji, who only wants to live and work in America but give back nothing except taxes (Mukherjee, TT 106). Dr. Chatterjis valorization of Indian Standard Time and criticism of Americans constant race against time further exemplifies an absurd sense of Indian superiority that puts him on a pedestal of three thousand years plus civilization, sophistication, moral virtue, over people born [in America] (Mukherjee, TT 102). In line with Mukherjees own distaste for the uneasy aggregate of antagonistic them and us' (Mukherjee, BM 459), Maya, the female protagonist, cannot relate to Dr. Chatterjis ridiculous rhetoric. In turn, the Chatterjis retention of Brahmin demeanor precludes them from embracing American multiculturalism and hybridity at any meaningful level. Although they live in a middle-class neighborhood accommodating people of different colors (Mukherjee, TT 103), the only sign of multicultural interaction is Mrs. Chatterji perfunctorily playing ball with a Korean or Cambodian child next door at best. Beyond that, the Chatterjis have neither the open-mindedness nor desire for any more intimate interethnic mingling. That Poltoo is contemplating marriage outside the Brahminic pale-to a Negro Muslim (Mukherjee, TT 103, 106) at that-thus threatens to contaminate the purity of the lineage. Mrs. Chatterji is counting on divine intervention to avert this disaster, while leaving the locked-up Poltoo feeling crazy, thwarted, [and] lost (Mukherjee, TT 105). The perverse repression of Poltoos desires is both antithetical to the American ideal of free will and anachronistic in the American modernity of progress. Mukherjees representation of how this so-called model minority functions in America thus easily makes the Chatterjis a more dishonorable bunch of Indian immigrants than the Vadheras, at the same time that it makes a highly charged statement of her own rejection of a hyphenated American identity. Beyond Multiculturalism Moving beyond her harsh critique of Indian immigrants who resist assimilation, Mukherjee attempts to consolidate her status as an America writer by strategically expanding the scope of her literary project to wage a crusade against multiculturalism. Rather than encouraging unhyphenated assimilation, multiculturalism, as Mukherjee argues, emphasizes differences between racial heritages (Mukherjee, BM 459) and discounts how the experiences of new Americans from non-traditional immigrant countries (Mukherjee, IW 28) also constantly contribute to the American socio-cultural fabric. The ambition to create a postethnic America culminates in Mukherjees assertion: To reject hyphenization is to demand that the nation deliver the promises of the American Dream and the American Constitution to all its citizens. I want nothing less than to invent a new vocabulary that demands, and obtains, an equitable power-sharing for all members of the American community. (BM 460) There is, first and foremost, no question about Mukherjees representation of the United States as the ultimate end of Asian immigrant desire. Yet, despite Mukherjees high-flown rhetoric of eradicating multiculturalism, her literary representation of immigrants who are not of South Asian origins only further reinforces this hegemonic structure and reaffirms the existence of an immigrant hierarchy where differences are emphasized and [identities are] fixed into a static notion of alterity (Ponzanesi 47). This jarring discrepancy is vividly highlighted in Jasmine when Jasmine is quick to set her own Americanization apart from Dus, in spite of their common desire to assimilate. Jasmine claims that [her] transformation has been genetic; Dus was hyphenated (Mukherjee, Jasmine 222), as though this is validated just because she is pregnant with Bud Ripplemeyers child, whereas Du is merely an adopted Vietnamese refugee. More importantly, it implies Jasmines identification with the hegemonic Orientalist inclination to be so full of wonder at how fast [Du] became American, only to marginalize him as a hybrid (Mukherjee, Jasmine 222, 222) whose assimilation into American society can never legitimately be considered full-fledged. As Verhoeven posits, the politics of ethnic representation is ultimately no more and no less than the privileging of the ethnic self over the ethnic other (n. pag.). Given that Mukherjees immigrant subjectivity is inextricably tied to her own elite background as a Brah min and as an intellectual in American academe, it is perhaps inescapable that ethnocentricity also features in her depiction of immigrants who are not from South Asia. At the expense of Du, then, Jasmine gets away as a very special case (Mukherjee, Jasmine 135), considering that other characters readily validate her full assimilation. The unqualified relegation of Du to the peripheries as a Vietnamese-American underscores Mukherjees double standard in the treatment of both characters. By simply using the word hyphenated (Mukherjee, Jasmine 222) to conclude the formation of Dus American identity and by referring to Chinese Americans as Orientals (Mukherjee, AWS 29) in her short stories, Mukherjee thus posit[s] a system of easily recognizable forms of identity and difference' (Roy 129) that precisely reflects and endorses the exclusionary underpinnings of multiculturalism. Indeed, such a position from which Mukherjee entertains the immigrant issues of class and ethnicity renders her quest for an equitable power-sharing for all members of the American community (Mukherjee, BM 460) untenable. Ultimately, then, Mukherjees Maximalist approach toward the immigrant experience in American literature is self-defeating. The difficulty undeniably involved in representing all immigrant groups accurately and authentically makes the credibility of Mukherjees following claim suspect: Perhaps it is [my] history-mandated training in seeing myself as the other that now heaps on me a fluid set of identities denied to most of my mainstream American counterparts. That training, in our ethnic- and gender-fractured world of contemporary fiction, allows me without difficulty to enter lives, fictionally, that are manifestly not my own. Chameleon-skinned, I discover my material over and across the country, and up and down the social ladder. (IW 29) Albeit apparently inclusionary, Mukherkees Maximalist credo merely inherits the exclusionary connotations (Chanadry 434, 434) of multiculturalism as far as her literary representation of non-South Asian immigrants is concerned. Even with the best of intentions to propose an alternative model to multiculturalism, Mukherjee, by virtue of her own elite immigrant status, is not exempt from the tendency to reinscribe the minority group immigrant back into the hegemonic rhetoric of difference and otherness. Conclusion Finally, the spotlight is ultimately focused on the individuality of the Indian immigrant in fashioning her own life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in the free country' (Mukherjee, Jasmine 239). The immigrant subjectivity that each female protagonist advantageously adopts is aptly encapsulated by Jasmines declaration: I am not choosing between men. I am caught between the promise of America and old-world dutifulness (Mukherjee, Jasmine 240). While Mukherjee justifies the disavowal of the old world by means of the Manichean allegory that juxtaposes India and America in binaristic oppositions, the more important revelation is that the postcolonial immigrant is also free to reject aspects of America exemplifying failed idealism (Mukherjee, TT 108). If the female immigrants search for a fluid yet empowering American (trans)national identity depends partly on the (white) male with whom she is romantically involved, then wheelchair-bound Bud and armless Fred symbolize a freak (Mukh erjee, TT 112) America that must be abandoned as well. Maya is sure that Freds world will not end with her departure, while Jasmine feels potent (Mukherjee, Jasmine 12) in saving Bud by not marrying him. Through this reversal of power, Mukherjee aligns her female protagonists with a sense of hegemonic benevolence toward the inferior. With Jasmine choosing Taylor for his world, its ease, its careless confidence and graceful self-absorption (Mukherjee, Jasmine 171) and Maya choosing Ashoke Mehta for his adoration of idealism and abhorrence of smugness, passivity, caste system (Mukherjee, TT 109, 109), it is evident that Mukherjees literary agenda is ultimately underwritten by her inclination to embrace and valorize an ideal America that is capacious of fulfilling the immigrants desires. (4682words, excluding subheadings (18))

Diversity :: Title VI, Public Organizations, Race Relations

Diversity is an increasingly important factor in organizational life as organizations world-wide become more diverse in terms of the gender, race, ethnicity, age, national origin, and other personal characteristics of their members. By the year 2000, the American workforce is likely to be gender-balanced, with only 58% of the workforce comprised of White, native born Americans (Jackson et al., 1995). Due to the increasing globalization of business requires employees from different cultures to work together in cross-national teams. Firms are being forced to form cross-functional, inter-departmental, cross-divisional, and inter-organizational alliances in order to make maximum use of scarce resources and thus increase their competitive advantage. People tend to think of diversity as simply demographic, a matter of color, gender, or age. However, groups can be disparate in many ways. Diversity is also based on informational differences, reflecting a person's education and experience, as well as on values or goals that can influence what one perceives to be the mission of something as small as a single meeting or as large as a whole company. Diversity among employees can create better performance when it comes to out-of-the-ordinary creative tasks such as product development or cracking new markets, and managers have been trying to increase diversity to achieve the benefits of innovation and fresh ideas. Informational diversity stirred constructive conflict, or debate, around the task at hand. That is, people deliberate about the best course of action. On the other hand, demographic diversity can sometimes whip up interpersonal conflict. This is the kind of conflict people should fear.

Sexual Violence

We all know that our prisons are the final point for the socially rejected criminals and violent transgressors. We know that our prisons are so overcrowded that the Supreme Court of California issued a court order to reduce the number of inmates. We know that since there are more inmates in prison the chance of getting rehabilitated are very slim to none. And we also know that the ratio of supervision of guard to inmate is extremely high. But do we know what goes on in our prisons and jails? We know we have prison gangs, drugs, assaults, robberies, and even murders in prison. But what happens when you mix an overcrowded prison or jail with violent, drug using, angry, abusive, gang related men with the average person who is in prison or jail for the first time. The result is an aggressive sexual act known as inmate rape. The fight against rape in our communities is doomed to failure and will continue to be so as long as it ignores the training grounds for rapists: our prisons, jails and reform schools. For too long, we have turned away from the rape crisis in these institutions, which now hold 1. 3 million men and boys. In most of them, rape is an entrenched tradition considered by prisoners a legitimate way to `prove their manhood' and to satisfy sexual needs and the brutal desire for power. The exact number of sexually assaulted prisoners is unknown, but a conservative estimate, based on two decades of surveys, is that â€Å"more than 290,000 males are sexually assaulted behind bars every year. By comparison, the Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that there are 135,000 rapes of women a year nationwide, though many groups believe the number is higher. â€Å"(Mezey and King, 1995).

Sins of the Father essays

Sins of the Father essays This film is based on the true story of a relationship between Tom Cherry and his father Bobby Frank Cherry, who was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Bobby Cherry was charged for being apart in one of the most biggest crimes in US history. This horrible tragedy happened in1963, the bombing of the Baptist Church in Birmingham that killed four young girls: Denise McNair, Addie Mae Collins, Carole Robertson and Cynthia Wesley. This film impressively recreated this event and put you in the perspective of some of the people who lived through this. It was filled with a lot of flashbacks from Toms perspective as well showing some of the things that people had to deal with at that time. The most impressive thing on the film was how at first you dont really know what is going on and why, but once you see all the flashbacks Tom thinks about you piece it all The character that impressed me most was Tom Cherry. Tom grew up living with his family and trying to make his father proud. When Tom had to do something bad in order to gain his fathers approval, you would see him hesitate at first knowing what hes is bad but still does it anyway. Such a situation happened when Tom, his brother Bobby jr. and their father were walking down a street and bump into a black man. The black man recognized that the father was from the KKK and started a fight with the father. The father took this metal rod that the black man was holding and whacked him on the head. While the black man was on the ground bleeding, the father gave Tom the rod so he could whack him. At first you see Tom hesitate knowing that it wasnt the right thing to do, but under the pressure of his father watching him he goes and whacks the black man anyway. This is when you first see that Tom really is a good person, he only does bad ...

Teenage Pregnancy essays

Teenage Pregnancy essays Although the rate of teenage pregnancy in the United States has declined greatly within the past few years, it is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. These rates are still higher in the 1990's than they were only a decade ago. The United State's teenage birthrate exceeds that of most other industrialized nations, even though American teenagers are no more sexually active than teenagers are in Canada or Europe. Recent statistics concerning the teen birthrates are alarming. About 560,000 teenage girls give birth each year. Almost one-sixth of all births in the United States are to teenage women are to teenage women. Eight in ten of these births resulted from unintended pregnancies. (Gormly 347) By the age of eighteen, one out of four teenage girls will have become pregnant. (Newman 679) Although the onset of pregnancy may occur in any teenager, some teens are at higher risk for unplanned pregnancy than others. Teenagers who become sexually active at an earlier age are at a greater risk primarily because young teenagers are less likely to use birthcontrol. African-American and Hispanic teenagers are twice as likely to give birth as are white teenagers. Whites are more likely to have abortions. Teenagers who come from poor neighborhoods and attend segregated schools are at a high risk for pregnancy. Also, teenagers who are doing poorly in school and have few plans for the future are more likely to become parents than those who are doing well and have high educationsl and occupational expectations. Although the rate of teenage pregnancy is higher among low- income African-Americans and Hispanics, especially those in inner city ghettoes, the number of births to teenagers is highest among white, nonpoor young women who live in small cities and towns. (Calhoun 309) In addition to the question of which teenagers become pregnant, interest is s...

Answering Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answering Questions - Assignment Example This lead to the triangular trade by the Portuguese that involved transporting slaves to Europe and bringing back produces of their labor to Africa. Atlantic slavery then continued in Africa and America until 1888 when Brazil abolished it. This trade however enabled Europeans build their capital base and saved the slaves from starvation in famine. It however undermined the dignity and welfare of Africans. The French revolution was brought about by the increased famine and malnutrition and privileges to the first class citizens while the North American was caused by their urge to have independence (Goucher and Walton). The Spanish American had conquered Portugal and Spain and had a great opportunity to carry out changes. However, the revolution in Haiti was as a result of enlightenment of slaves who then called for their rights. The Haiti and Americas cause of revolution was therefore significant in leading to a great economic development in the countries. The transition of revolution has therefore played an important role in taking the countries to great economies and societies with freedom of every citizen. The expansion of overseas trade, availability of capital and the social and political stability in Europe countries facilitated the industrial revolution in Europe. The need for raw materials and other resources for their industries from other countries however made these countries to use their powers to obtain resources. According to Goucher and Walton (2013), this is what linked the industrial revolution to the imperialism. The main factors that could have lead to new imperialism are the cultural beliefs that the whites westerner to make the blacks modernize and the social Darwinism that purports the destruction of weak races was natural to improve species of such races. These factors were not related but they were able to bring almost similar outcomes which were the colonization of the people

Microfinance - how government regulations affect microfinance in Literature review

Microfinance - how government regulations affect microfinance in Brazil - Literature review Example The governments of the nations have a crucial role to play from the regulatory and financing points of view. A lot of measures are required to make this form of financing a sustainable one. This requires the scope of the microfinance schemes to be further widened. There are several challenges that the governments of the countries opting for these kinds of schemes face. There is lack of mobility in the credit and a lot of reliance on the government as the source of the funds. The competitive environment of the microfinance sector is a lot biased towards the public sector organisations. Therefore the government needs to ensure all forms of transparency in the way the markets and the competitive forces work. Several works have been conducted over the years on various aspects of microfinance. A review of the literature would provide an insight into the microfinance sector and the regulatory framework within which the Brazilian microfinance companies work. Microfinance companies are consi dered to be feasible alternatives for banks as well as informal sources of credit. Collaterals are used to ensure the timely repayment of the funds. The specific feature of microfinance is that instead of an individual liability toward the lending institution, there is a cooperative liability towards the lender. This method guarantees that the funds are repaid on time or the payments are paid at regular intervals. If the individuals repay the loans on time, they get incentive to get loans of higher amount the next time which makes the borrowers credit worthy. The individuals opting for these kinds of schemes are forced to save for themselves so that the there is enough collateral for the amount of loan that they have taken. Due to the joint liability feature of the microcredit the risk of default is less because the people of a particular locality know each other well and they can estimate the repayment capacity and the chances of default of their co-borrowers. Along with this each of the parties in the loan can monitor each other. Therefore the basic economic problems like moral hazard or adverse selection can be removed through this feature of microfinance institutions in Brazil (Morduch, 1999, p. 1569). Though chiefly deployed by the NGOs of Brazil, the government is equally active in the developing nations in the promotion of the microfinance institutions and setting up of a stringent regulatory framework for the proper functioning of the industry. The government also has a significant role in granting credit of lump-sum amounts to the microfinance institutions. The study of various situations where the system of microcredit has been implemented has been conducted by the researchers. The results have shown that the schemes have positively affected the economies in which they were being implemented. The repayment rates had been quite high in those countries. This has been possible because of the structure of the model which entails extreme scrutiny of the b orrowers of the funds. The capital that is provided as the loan is also used effectively which necessitated the repayment on time. About 15 million households represent the informal sector in the Brazilian Economy. However, the microfinance institutions have been able to bring less than three hundred thousand under its purview. This means that apart from 2.5% of the prospective market, the remaining has remained untapped. There have been several attempts on part of

Marketing essential Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing essential - Coursework Example Headquartered in Atlanta, USA, Coca-Cola is one of the world’s most well-known companies. Since inception, the company has grown by leaps and bounds and as of today has business operation in more than 200 countries (Coca-Cola, 2013). Coca-Cola Company is the worlds primary manufacturer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverages and other food items. Of the 400 brands that the company has in its repertoire, 16 of them generate revenue of more than $1 billion every year. Its flagship brand Coca-Cola is literally a household name and is liked by millions of people around the globe. The Coca-Cola Company’s mission is to ‘to refresh the world - in mind, body and spirit, to inspire moments of optimism’. The company attempts to create value and make a difference through its products and actions. (Coca-Cola, 2013). While the company relentlessly pursues its mission, it has developed a set of goals so as to cater to the needs of various stakeholders like people (great place to work for employees), partners (taking care of the interest of vendors, suppliers, and bottlers), planet (sustainability measures), profits (maximizing shareholders returns) and portfolio (building brands that satisfy customer needs). Coca-Cola is in sound financial health. The behemoth registered net operating revenues of $ 48,017 million in 2012, up from $ 46,542 million in 2011. The total assets of the company as of December 31, 2012 stood at a mammoth $ 86,174 million. In addition to the carbonated soft drinks like Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Coke Zero, Sprite and Fanta, CCGB also manufactures and markets the Oasis still fruit drinks, the Powerade isotonic sports drink and Abbey Well water in Great Britain. CCGB also owns the Schweppes and the Glaceau Vitamin Water brand. SWOT analysis refers to the study of a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. While the strengths and weaknesses are identified by scrutinizing the

Arab Disunity Essay Example for Free

Arab Disunity Essay The Arab-Israeli tensions are a modern conflict, and a consequence of the two World Wars and collapse of British imperialism. The development and notion of Zionism in the 20th century, and massacres and scrutiny faced by Jews in Europe played a significant role in the formation of the Jewish State of Israel, which is the focal point of the conflict. Between 1948 and 1973, the Arabs and the Jews participated in several conflicts due to religious and territorial reasons. The disunity among the Arab countries, which openly opposed the formation of a ‘Jewish homeland’, played a significant role in their failures in the conflicts. However, the international condemnation of the Arabs due to ‘sympathy’ for the Jews also played a significant role in the Arab failure in relation to Israel. This essay will focus on the following conflicts: the 1948 Independence war, the 1967 war and the 1973 war. The 1948 was the ‘war of Independence’ after which the Jewish State of Israel was established. It occurred following the end of British mandate, and the withdrawal of foreign forces and government from the region. The Arab disunity was very evident during the 1948 war, as the Arab nations had various, contradicting personal agendas. There was a clear lack of trust, and each Arab country – including Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria and Lebanon – with each individual country aiming to capitalize and annex the area of conflict. Despite the formation of the Arab League in 1945, and a clear mutual goal to force the Jews out of Palestine; there was divisions among the Arabs. The Arabs had unanimously declared ‘jihad’ against the State of Israel and vowed to fight for ‘every inch of land. Despite the ceasefire in early 1948, the fighting commenced later the same year. The Arab population was significantly larger than the Jewish population, and had the militarily and physical advantage, with better weapons and population outnumbering the Jews roughly 40 million to 650,000, according the 20th Century History Course Companion by Oxford. But the lack of leadership and a unified plan of the Arabs resulted to the stationing of an army, which was significantly weaker than the Jews. Furthermore, the motivation for the Jews as that they were basically fighting for their survival whereas the Arabs were only motivated by personal gain. Additionally, the Jewish army consisted of veterans of the Second World War and managed to attain superior weapons in the form of tanks. Therefore when the individual Arab armies attacked due to a lack of a unified command; with the Egyptians from the West, the Saudis from the North East they were easily overpowered. This war clearly indicated the Arab disunity, and highlighted the various conflicting agendas of the Arab countries. There was no united front and the Jews capitalized with strong leadership and military tactics, and managed to form the State of Israel with relative ease in the context of the conditions. The two decades following the 1948 war had two significant changes; the first being several changes in leadership in the Arab world, thus reigniting Arab nationalism, and the second being the economic development of Israel. Following Suez Crisis of 1954, the relations between Israel and Egypt had deteriorated further. Prior to the war, there were tensions between Egypt, Syria and Jordan, however an Israeli attack on Syrian jets in 1967 reunited the Arab countries. The false information provided by the Soviets to the Arabs about the mobilization of Israel sparked the Arab-Israeli conflict. However, contrary to the statement, the superior Israeli military tactics and strategy were key factors rather than Arab disunity. Israel launched a preemptive strike on Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq, which effectively destroyed its weapons. This military tactic had been designed years prior, in the case of an Arab attack thus showing the Israeli militarily tactic superiority. As mentioned in the previous war, the Arab nations did not have a joint military plan thus losing several territories including Jerusalem. This was considered a ‘humiliating’ loss to the Arab cause, and significantly impacted the Arab morale. Israel had easily defeated four of its largest threats, however it can be argued this was largely due the preemptive strike on the air forces of the Arab nations, rather the Arab disunity. This war displayed the Israeli tactical and military superiority, and further displayed the role of America in the development of Israel. However, there was a minor element of Arab disunity due to tensions prior to the war but it did not play a significant role. The 1973 war was a limited war initiated by the new leader of Egypt Anwar Sadat against Israel. Sadat had also attempted to reduce the influence of the Cold War, which had been an element during the 1967 conflict, by removing Russian officials from Egypt and repairing relations with America. This war yet contradicts the statement, as Egypt and Syria had a joint military offensive strike on Israel on Yom Kippur, the Jewish holy day, and had managed to complete a successful ground offensive as well. However as the war progressed, the Israeli counterattack had begun to get more effective and managed to force the Egyptian and Syrian forces to retreat from Sinai and Golan, which were Israeli territories. The two sides were at a stalemate and the Arab allies; Egypt and Syria were united militarily and diplomatically which is contradictory to the statement and contrary the situation in the 1943 war. The looming threat of an oil embargo by the Arab countries, which was a military strategy used efficiently before, resulted to the intervention of foreign entities. Henry Kissinger, an American diplomat, stepped in for Nixon to negotiate an armistice – which was eventually successful with the Arabs accepting the armistice. This was a shorter war, and with the foundation being the Arabs being on the offensive. However it contradicts the statement, as this was the first war that the Arab countries had a joint military venture, and continued to do so during the war. Furthermore, this was a minor success for the Arab countries despite the stalemate and armistice as it strengthened Egypt and Syria’s position in the Middle East however it did not yield a territorial gain. Hence, Arab disunity was not evident with the exception of the fact that only two Arab countries participated in the 1973 war. To conclude, Arab disunity played a significant role in the 1948 war – which was arguably the most important. The Arabs had the definitive advantage in the 1948 war, however with the lack of a joint military front and strategy against Israel, it was defeated. The personal agendas, which contradicted each other, resulted to an Arab disunity and underestimation of the Jews, which allowed the State of Israel to be established despite all odds. However, in the conflicts following 1948, there was an element of Arab disunity, but it played a minor role and was not a key determinant of the wars or failure. Therefore, Arab failures can be considered to be a consequence of Arab disunity in the 1948 war, which reshaped the Middle East and provided Israel and Jews the upper hand over the Arabs conflicts following 1948.

The Life of Saint Peter :: essays papers

The Life of Saint Peter Peter Tosh was born into this world without a father or mother with the responsibility, or the time to raise young Peter. He was raised by his aunt, although Peter's personality would have you believe that he raised himself. An extremely self-reliant, self-dependent entity, Tosh fought for those who could not fight themselves. He was a voice for those who had not the means, nor the ability to speak to a worldwide audience. While those with power on the island of Jamaica saw Peter as a threat to the existing regime (A regime comprised of corrupt 'politricksters' who ally with Jamaica's small, wealthy, land owning class), the people saw Peter as a rebel hero. A champion of human rights, throughout his life Peter fought against the vampires and the duppies and all evil spirits, the spirits which Peter himself feared more than anything. Peter Tosh was a saint. Not a saint in the conventional, religious definition, but insofar as that he was put on this earth with a purpose. He was to expose the filth and corruption and expunge the wickedness of the ghosts which haunted him his entire life. Peter was a savior, sent to liberate the people of Jamaica, both physically and mentally. As for the majority of Jamaicans, life was spent scrounging for a dollar, struggling to put food on their children's table, and a roof over their head; That was if you can find some brush or metal with which to build one. It was difficult to find employment, and many of those that were employed were done so temporarily. Peter had greater visions for the Island of Jamaica. He was upset with the treatment of his people, and he did nothing to hide his feelings. It is believed by many that this is the very character trait which led to Tosh's murder. The voice of the people was eliminated by three supposed robbers who stole not one material object. At the tender age of forty three, Peter Tosh was silenced, as were the hopes of many Jamaicans. On October ninth, 1944 Winston Hubert McIntosh was born into this world. The only child of Alvera Coke, a resident of Church Lincoln, Westmoreland on the island of Jamaica. Winston's father, James McIntosh was the preacher at the local church in Savanna-la-Mar, which Alvera attended. However, Winston was just one of the many children which James McIntosh fathered and neglected to help care for.

Adult versus children learning

Although it is my opinion that children and adults differ in the degree to which methods facilitate their learning, I still think that both have the ability to profit from the use of those similar methods. Such strategies as rehearsal and repetition seem to work especially well with children, though less so with adults. I believe this has to do with the fact that children naturally find repetition a diverting exercise, while adults generally dislike doing it. Motivation, therefore, plays a major role in the success of both learners. Such methods of learning as metaphors and imagery would appear to have similar effects on both adults and children. It would seem to me that these methods would work better with adults, who are likely to already possess a schema for much of what is being learned and would thereby be able to make better connections. However, I once read of such learning inhibitors as interference (especially in adult language learning), in which prior knowledge of a language and expectations about learning get in the way of the information to be assimilated (August, 2006). Motivation is also a critical aspect of learning (Zhao & Mogan, 2004). Adults tend to be more motivated when learning, and therefore, in such cases will be able to benefit from methods that might otherwise not be conducive to adult learning. I think the efficacy of such methods as repetition is dependent on the person’s willingness to do it. A motivated adult would therefore benefit from repetition as a learning method. For example, a few summers ago I tried to learn German, and even though I stopped after a few months, I find that the motivation I had at the time caused me to learn quite a few vocabulary words via repetition. This is the same method I used as a child while learning Spanish in high school. As an adult, my motivation was to communicate with a Swiss friend whom I was tutoring; as a child, it was to continue getting some of the highest Spanish grades in my class. Both experiences suggest to me that children and adults tend to learn in similar ways. References August, G. (2006). â€Å"So, what’s behind adult English second-language reading?† Bilingual    Research Journal. 30(2), 245-264. Zhao & Morgan. (2004). â€Å"Consideration of Age in L2 Attainment – Children, Adolescents and Adults.† Asian EFL Journal. 6(4), 1-13.